Metal-organic frameworks is a research concept centered on a class of crystalline porous coordination polymers constructed from inorganic secondary building units connected by organic linkers. This field investigates the rational design, synthesis, structural characterization, and functional properties of these materials, leveraging their inherent high surface area, tunable pore architecture, and tailorable chemistry for diverse applications. Their significance stems from their potential utility in areas such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensing.